Do Autistic People Talk To Themselves
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Is It Normal to Talk to Yourself?
People talk to themselves out loud for many reasons. It could come from loneliness, stress, anxiety, or even trauma. Usually, though, talking to yourself is a healthy, normal, and even beneficial way to process thoughts and experiences.
This article explains the difference between healthy and concerning self-talk, provides tips for embracing self-talk and ways to stop it, and gives information on associated mental illnesses.
Why Do Some People Talk to Themselves?
Everyone has an internal monologue; some engage with it by speaking out loud to themselves, while others keep quiet. Two theories explaining why people talk to themselves include:
- Social isolation theory: A lot of time alone makes people more likely to talk to themselves.
- Cognitive disruption theory: Talking to yourself occurs when you face something difficult or traumatic that impacts your psychological well-being
Different functions of self-talk include:
- Self-criticism: “I sounded ridiculous during that meeting.”
- Self-reinforcement: “I am prepared, and I will do fine during the presentation tomorrow.”
- Self-management: “Don’t forget to make that appointment today.”
- Social assessment: “When I ask him out, he will likely say yes.”
Other reasons someone might talk to themselves include reasoning, problem-solving, planning, attention, and motivation.
The Benefits of Talking to Yourself
Self-talk can be helpful in several ways. It can help you avoid giving in to impulses, provide guidance through challenging situations, and help you stay on track with your goals. Athletes, for example, often use self-talk to stay motivated and achieve goals.
When Does Self-Talk Start?
Most children start talking to themselves around 2 or 3. After age 5, self-talk usually becomes more internal but never completely disappears.
How to Embrace It
Try using self-talk as motivation or encouragement. A short phrase like “Keep going!” is more effective than having a conversation. Get specific about what you need to focus on, such as not saying the word “Um,” during a big presentation, and use self-talk to stay on task. Self-talk that’s meant both to motivate, like, “You’ve got this!” and to instruct, like, “Keep your eyes on the ball,” are shown to be equally beneficial.
Childhood Experiences and Self-Talk
Research shows that adults who had an imaginary friend or who were only children growing up are more likely to talk to themselves as adults.
How to Stop Talking to Yourself
Since self-talk is a natural part of human existence, it can be challenging to stop yourself from doing it, especially if it’s frequent. Here are some tips to self-talk less often:
- Be self-observant: Notice when you are talking to yourself and pay attention to why you do so. The more you can understand why you speak to yourself, the more successful you will be in stopping.
- Use an alternative action: Any time you notice your self-talk, do something else instead, like writing or simply thinking your thoughts.
- Build support: One of the reasons people talk to themselves is out of loneliness. Identify people you can turn to when you want to talk and ensure you aren’t isolating yourself from others.
- Use organizational tools: If you talk to yourself to stay organized, try writing to-do lists, using a calendar, or setting reminders to keep yourself on task.
When Is It a Cause for Concern?
Just as self-talk can be beneficial, it can sometimes be detrimental. When self-talk becomes negative or critical, it creates an unhealthy narrative that can affect your self-worth.
Research also supports the idea that some people who talk to themselves more frequently do so out of loneliness or because they don’t have healthy or enough social relationships. Talk to a mental health provider if self-talk is associated with feeling alone or with symptoms of anxiety or depression.
Mental Health Conditions Associated With Talking to Yourself
Certain mental illnesses are associated with higher levels of cognitive disruption, which might lead people to self-talk to resolve it. Used in this way, self-talk can be comforting and may help you cope. Some mental illnesses associated with self-talk include:
- Anxiety
- Obsessive-compulsive disorder
- Schizophrenia
- PTSD
- Depression
One way to distinguish between healthy self-talk and potential psychosis (losing touch with reality) is to pay attention to how the voices appear. Healthy internal self-talk is more of a conscious conversation. If you are responding to voices in your head and you didn’t consciously create the dialogue, if there is more than one voice having a dialogue at a time, or if there are sounds, smells, or vivid images that accompany the voices, it’s important to talk to a mental health provider.
When to Seek Professional Help
If you want to stop talking to yourself but are having a hard time, feeling highly anxious, or hearing other voices talking to you, it’s crucial to speak to a mental health provider to rule out mental illness.
Summary
Self-talk is a normal and natural part of being human. People talk to themselves for many reasons, including self-criticism, self-reinforcement, self-management, social assessment, problem-solving, and motivation.
Sometimes, however, self-talk can be a cause for concern. It could be a symptom of a mental illness if it’s uncontrollable, is associated with high levels of anxiety or symptoms of depression, or if the words are confusing and don’t make sense. If this is the case, speak to a mental health provider.
A Word From Verywell
You might be concerned about why or how often you talk to yourself, but in most situations, it’s completely normal and healthy to talk out loud. It can be a helpful way to encourage yourself or stay motivated. If you’re feeling lonely, sad, anxious, or out of control, speak with a mental healthcare provider.
Frequently Asked Questions
How common is talking to yourself out loud?
Talking to yourself out loud is extremely common. Though some engage in self-talk more than others, many people speak out loud to themselves, and everyone has internal dialogues. Healthy developing children automatically start talking to themselves out loud from a very young age.
What mental disorder makes you talk to yourself?
Self-talk can be a symptom of a number of mental illnesses. It can be a sign of an anxiety disorder, depression, PTSD, or obsessive-compulsive disorder. More severe mental illnesses associated with self-talk include schizophrenia and psychosis.
Do intelligent people talk to themselves?
Though there are different reasons why people talk to themselves, people of all education and intelligence levels do it. Self-talk is healthy, normal behavior.
Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read our editorial process to learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.
- Brinthaupt TM. Individual differences in self-talk frequency: social isolation and cognitive disruption. Front Psychol. 2019;0. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01088
- Oleś PK, Brinthaupt TM, Dier R, Polak D. Types of inner dialogues and functions of self-talk: comparisons and implications. Front Psychol. 2020;0. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00227
- Geurts B. Making sense of self talk. RevPhilPsych. 2018;9(2):271-285. doi:10.1007/s13164-017-0375-y
- Hardy J, Oliver EJ. Self-talk, positive thinking, and thought stopping. In: Eklund RC, Tenenbaum G, eds. Encyclopedia of Sport and Exercise Psychology. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage. 2014.
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Understanding Self-Talk in Autism
As we delve into the topic of self-talk in the context of autism, it’s essential to understand what this term means and the various forms it can take. Furthermore, it’s crucial to recognize the potential benefits that self-talk can provide to autistic individuals.
Definition and Forms of Self-Talk
The term ‘self-talk’ refers to an individual’s inner voice or internal monologue, which in some autistic individuals, is expressed aloud rather than kept silent in their head. This ‘talking to oneself’ can take various forms, ranging from full conversations to repeating words or phrases that they find significant or comforting.
While this behavior may seem unusual to some, it’s important to understand that self-talk is a form of self-expression and communication for autistic individuals. It allows them to express their thoughts, emotions, and ideas in a way that may differ from typical verbal communication methods, thereby conveying their inner experiences to themselves and potentially to others as well.
Benefits of Self-Talk in Autism
Self-talk in autism serves a variety of purposes and offers several benefits. One of the key roles it plays is in self-regulation, where it aids individuals in managing their thoughts and emotions. By verbalizing their internal monologue, autistic individuals can better understand their feelings, thereby helping to relieve anxiety and promote overall well-being.
In addition to emotional regulation, self-talk also supports cognitive processing. It helps individuals to organize their thoughts, making it easier for them to process information and make sense of their experiences.
Overall, self-talk can be a valuable tool for autistic individuals, offering benefits such as aiding in emotional understanding, supporting cognitive processing, and acting as a unique method of communication. Understanding and acknowledging the significance of self-talk in autism is a crucial step towards supporting the needs and experiences of autistic individuals.
Reasons for Engaging in Self-Talk
Understanding why autistic individuals engage in self-talk can help us better comprehend their behaviors and communication styles, and offer appropriate support. There are several reasons why autistic individuals may talk to themselves, including coping with sensory processing, emotional regulation, and cognitive processing.
Coping with Sensory Processing
Autism often comes with sensory processing differences, which may impact how individuals perceive and process information. These differences can sometimes make the world seem overwhelming or confusing, leading to the use of self-talk as a way to make sense of their experiences. Through self-talk, individuals with autism can articulate their sensory experiences, making them more manageable and understandable. This articulation can serve as a crucial tool to navigate their surroundings and daily activities more effectively.
Emotional Regulation
Self-talk is also commonly used for emotional regulation. It allows individuals with autism to express their thoughts, emotions, and ideas in a way that may be different from typical verbal communication methods. By engaging in self-talk, they can convey their inner experiences to themselves and potentially to others as well. This process can be particularly beneficial in managing emotions, as it helps them identify, understand, and express feelings in a safe and controlled way. Self-talk, therefore, serves as a valuable tool for autistic individuals to express themselves, enhance their communication skills, and manage their emotions.
Cognitive Processing
Another key reason autistic individuals engage in self-talk is to support their cognitive processing and problem-solving abilities. Self-talk helps individuals organize their thoughts and develop effective solutions. It can assist in structuring information and aiding in the planning and execution of tasks. For instance, by verbally processing information, they can better understand complex situations, break down large tasks into manageable steps, or rehearse sequences of actions. This use of self-talk can be particularly beneficial in educational settings, where students may need to manage various responsibilities and navigate complex academic tasks.
In conclusion, self-talk serves multiple functions in the lives of autistic individuals, from helping them cope with sensory processing differences, regulate emotions, to aiding in cognitive processing. Understanding these reasons can provide valuable insights into the experiences of autistic individuals, and guide the development of strategies to support their communication and cognitive skills.
Supporting Autistic Individuals with Self-Talk
Self-talk is a common phenomenon in autistic individuals, often serving as a useful tool for communication, emotional regulation, and cognitive processing. However, understanding and supporting this behavior can be challenging. Here, we discuss two strategies for supporting autistic individuals with self-talk: parental guidance and teaching replacement skills.
Parental Guidance
Parents and caregivers can play a significant role in supporting self-talk in autistic individuals. Given that self-talk serves as a means of self-expression and communication, it’s crucial to encourage this behavior rather than suppress it [2].
Parents can aid in this process by:
- Creating a safe and supportive environment where the individual feels comfortable expressing their thoughts and emotions.
- Encouraging the use of self-talk as a tool for problem-solving and emotional regulation.
- Listening attentively to their self-talk, acknowledging their feelings, and responding thoughtfully.
- Engaging in open-ended conversations to foster communication skills and encourage deeper self-reflection.
By providing understanding and support, parents can help autistic individuals harness the benefits of self-talk, enhancing their communication skills and emotional well-being in the process.
Teaching Replacement Skills
While self-talk can be beneficial, there may be situations where it’s less socially appropriate or may lead to misunderstanding. In such cases, teaching replacement skills can be advantageous. These are alternative behaviors that serve the same purpose as self-talk but are more socially accepted or easier for others to understand.
These skills can include:
- Teaching individuals to use a journal or digital device to jot down their thoughts when they feel the need to engage in self-talk.
- Encouraging the use of visual aids, such as charts or diagrams, to organize thoughts and ideas.
- Incorporating role-play scenarios to practice social interactions and communication skills.
- Providing tools for emotional regulation, such as stress balls or fidget toys, which can serve as a physical outlet for their thoughts and emotions.
By teaching these replacement skills, autistic individuals can find alternative ways to express their thoughts, emotions, and ideas, thereby expanding their communication repertoire [2].
Understanding and supporting self-talk in autistic individuals is a complex but rewarding endeavor. By providing guidance and teaching replacement skills, caregivers can help individuals leverage self-talk for personal growth and effective communication.
Communication Challenges in Autism
When considering the question, “Do autistic people talk to themselves?”, it’s essential to understand the broader context of communication challenges in autism. Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) often face hurdles in language development and verbal communication, ranging from mild to severe.
Language Development
Children with ASD may struggle with developing language skills and understanding what others say to them. This difficulty can also extend to nonverbal communication, such as through hand gestures, eye contact, and facial expressions. The ability to communicate and use language heavily depends on their intellectual and social development, with some children being unable to communicate using speech or language.
Communication is one of the core criteria for autism, and many children on the spectrum exhibit differences in their development of speech and language. Some may have delayed, disordered, or nonexistent speech and language development [4].
Verbal Communication Strategies
Individuals with ASD may find it hard to initiate or hold a conversation. They can also struggle with understanding facial expressions and inferring communicative intent based on context [4]. They may use echolalia, repeating words or phrases over and over, often using them without meaning or using them in unusual contexts.
To address these verbal communication challenges, early intervention is crucial. Children are usually referred to specialists, including speech-language pathologists, who design comprehensive treatment programs tailored to the child’s age and interests. Communication training for children with ASD aims to teach basic speech and language skills, such as single words and phrases. More advanced training focuses on using language purposefully, such as learning to hold conversations, staying on topic, and taking turns speaking.
For those who may never develop oral speech and language skills, the goal might be to communicate using gestures, like sign language, or through a symbol system with pictures representing thoughts. Systems can range from picture boards to sophisticated electronic devices that generate speech.
In conclusion, while self-talk might be common in some autistic individuals, it’s essential to understand it within the broader context of the communication challenges they face. Addressing these issues with appropriate strategies and interventions can significantly improve their communication skills and overall quality of life.
Echolalia in Autism
Echolalia, a key characteristic observed in autistic individuals, is the practice of repeating or echoing previous speech. It’s a common occurrence in 75-80% of verbal individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) NCBI.
Types of Echolalia
Echolalia can be categorized into two types: Immediate and Delayed. Immediate echolalia is when the individual repeats speech immediately after hearing it, whereas Delayed echolalia involves the repetition of speech after a period of time has passed.
Both types serve different purposes in the communicative behavior of an autistic individual. Immediate echolalia is often used in the process of learning new words or phrases, while delayed echolalia can serve as a tool for self-regulation or as a means to express thoughts and feelings.
Communicative Functions of Echolalia
Historically, echolalia has been viewed as a meaningless repetition of words. However, recent studies indicate that it serves functional purposes in communication for individuals with autism.
Autistic people often employ echolalia as a communicative strategy, including its use for naming, description, and topic development. It can also be utilized as a tool for maintaining conversations and as a cognitive strategy NCBI.
For instance, a child with autism might repeat a question asked by a teacher, not just for the sake of repetition, but as a way to process the question and formulate their response. Similarly, repeating a parent’s instructions might serve as a way for the child to remember and follow them.
In conclusion, while echoing speech or self-talk in autistic individuals might seem peculiar to some, it’s a significant aspect of their communication and cognitive processing. Recognizing the functional roles of echolalia can hence be instrumental in fostering better understanding and support for autistic individuals.
Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC)
As we progress in our understanding of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), it becomes increasingly clear that standard models of communication may not always be suited to the needs of autistic individuals. This is where augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) comes into play. AAC provides a range of tools and methods designed to assist individuals with autism who have difficulty with traditional forms of communication.
Tools and Methods
Augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) encompasses a variety of strategies and tools, from low-tech solutions such as visual supports like cards and picture books, to high-tech tools like apps, computer systems, and speech-generating devices.
The type of AAC used depends on the individual’s abilities, needs, and daily activities. For instance, a person who has difficulty understanding spoken language might benefit from visual supports, while someone who can understand but has difficulty speaking might find a speech-generating device helpful.
These tools aim to provide an accessible and effective means of communication for autistic individuals, fostering greater independence and participation in social, educational, and vocational activities.
Communication Support for Non-Verbal Individuals
For those autistic individuals who may never develop oral speech and language skills, AAC offers crucial support. The goal for these individuals might be to communicate using gestures like sign language or through a symbol system with pictures representing thoughts. These symbol systems can range from picture boards to sophisticated electronic devices that generate speech [3].
This communication training often starts with teaching basic speech and language skills, like single words and phrases. As skills advance, training focuses on using language purposefully, such as learning to hold conversations with others, staying on topic, and taking turns speaking [3].
To optimize these strategies, autistic individuals are often referred to specialists, such as a speech-language pathologist. These professionals perform a comprehensive evaluation and design an appropriate treatment program tailored to the individual’s age and interests.
Early intervention during the preschool years is considered crucial, with structured, specialized programs often proving effective for children with ASD [3].
In conclusion, AAC provides a wide range of tools and methods to support communication in autistic individuals, particularly those who are non-verbal. By tailoring communication strategies to the individual’s needs and abilities, AAC fosters greater independence, social interaction, and quality of life for autistic individuals.
